• Colds are caused by viral infections of the nose and throat.
• The average healthy child will experience between 6-10 colds a year.
• While colds are not serious, about 5-10 % of children will develop a bacterial complication (e.g. ear infection).

Typical Cold Symptoms

• Runny or congested nose—it’s okay for mucus to be clear, cloudy, yellow or even green!
• Fever of 100° F or greater that lasts for up to three days (72 hours)
• Sore throat or hoarseness
• Red, watery eyes
• Coughs that last up to three weeks

From Cold to Worse (When symptoms require a trip to GetzWell)

• Earache or discharge from the ear
• Fever that lasts more than three days
• Fever that went away for 24 hours and then returns
• Sore throat that lasts more than five days
• Coughs that last more than three weeks or a worsening cough
• Respiratory distress or wheezing

Treatment and Immune Support

• Comfort measures
  • Humidity—Try a cool-mist humidifier in the room and nasal saline drops to help moisten mucus membranes.  Suctioning mucus with a “nose frida” is often helpful.
  • Elevate the head while sleeping to reduce post-nasal drip stimulated coughs.  Fold blankets or towels under the crib mattress to elevate.
  • Increase fluids to help reduce congestion and prevent dehydration (milk counts too as it’s NOT linked to increased phlegm production).
• Immune Boosting Products and Treatments
  • Oscillococcinum: A homeopathic remedy that can safely be used at any age at both onset of cold symptoms and as weekly prevention during cold season.
  • Cold Calm: Another homeopathic medication that can be used at onset of cold symptoms at any age.
  • Echinacea/Eyebright: An herbal tincture that can be given daily during cold and flu season as a daily immune system booster.
  • Echinacea/Astragalus: An herbal tincture that can be given at the onset of a cold for deep immune support.
  • Probiotics: A daily supplement that helps to boost both the innate and acquired immune responses.
  • Chestal: A homeopathic cough medication that can be used to reduce cough (contains honey and shouldn’t be given to children less than one year due to risk of botulism).
  • Honey: A simple natural product found to be effective at suppressing cough (not for infants under one due to botulism).
• Over-the-Counter Products
  • There are NO cold and cough formulations approved by the FDA for use in children under four years old and in general they are ineffective at curing the common cold.
  • Ibuprofen can be given to reduce fever.  Please contact us for correct dosing as dosage should be based on a child’s weight, not age.

The Mayo Clinic defines chronic constipation as a two week period marked by several days between bowel movements that are accompanied by hard, dry and difficult-to-pass bowel movements and abdominal pain, irritability, nausea, poor appetite, or bright red blood on the surface of hard stools. Parents should also seek medical advice if they notice symptoms like abdominal bloating, forceful straining with bowel movements, and/or lumpy, hard or small pellet-like stools along with a feeling lingering fullness. Children with serious constipation often refuse to go to the toilet, hide in order to maintain privacy, soil their underwear and/or wet their beds.

While the quality and frequency of bowel movements varies from one child to another, it is important not to ignore symptoms of constipation. Chronic sufferers may experience encopresis (the involuntary leakage of feces that occurs in 60% of children with chronic constipation) which invariably results in shame, guilt, isolation and social stigma, and they may also distend their bowels causing nerve damage to their GI tracts and even experience rectal prolapse.

What to consider if your child begins to show signs of constipation:

• increasing fluids and exercise
• decreasing all dairy consumption
• teaching relaxation techniques (particularly deep, slow breaths while relaxing the pelvic muscles)
• regular abdominal massage
• supplementing with magnesium
• introducing a multi-species probiotic that contains Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria
• adding age-appropriate fermented foods like sauerkraut, tempeh, or miso
• increasing dietary fiber (A good measure is 5-6 grams of fiber plus your child’s age. For instance, a 5 year old should have 10-11 grams of fiber per day.)

Raw fruits and vegetables have the most fiber, but cooked ones are also beneficial. Remember that the harder a vegetable is, the more fiber it has. Keep in mind that in order to reap the benefits of fiber, it is very important to drink adequate amounts of water (a minimum of 3 glasses) to help with the passage of stool in the intestines. If your child requires more than these general lifestyle and dietary changes to manage his/her constipation, please contact us for a consultation:  415.826.1701.

Before refrigeration, people throughout the world ate fermented foods rich in probiotics on a daily basis.  In contrast, our modern diet often lacks such foods (except yogurt, miso and kimchi, for instance).  Some experts say we can make up for the dearth of dietary sources of probiotics by taking a daily supplement (in addition to eating fermented foods and a high fiber diet on a regular basis).  There are reputable companies making probiotic supplements that are available for purchase at Whole Foods, Rainbow Grocery, and other health oriented stores.  At GetzWell Pediatrics we carry pharmaceutical grade probiotic supplements manufactured by Klaire and Pharmax.  We believe the universe in our bellies needs careful tending, just like a garden.

For more information and scientific references on probiotics go to the National Center for Complimentary and Alternative Medicine at the NIH: www.nccam.nih.gov.